Taxa de fertilidade de novilhas de diferentes grupos genéticos com primeiro serviço aos 14 meses de idade / Fertility rate of heifers of different genetic groups with 1st service at 14 months of age

Foram avaliadas as taxas de reconcepção de 98 novilhas primíparas (34 Guzerá - G, 32, 1/2 Guzerá x 1/2 Nelore - GN e 32,1/2 Red Angus x 1/2 Nelore - AN) com 14 meses de idade e peso médio de aproximadamente 249,65kg, criadas em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu. Na segunda estação de monta (EM), foram utilizadas apenas as 36 primíparas gestantes na primeira EM (três G, nove GN e 24 AN), com média de idade de 26 meses e peso corporal de 313,67±25,01kg, 336,50±45,84kg e 399,86±44,45kg, respectivamente, para as fêmeas dos grupos G, GN e AN. O grupo AN apresentou ganho médio diário (GMD) de 0,30±0,06 (kg/dia) e maiores taxas (58,33) de reconcepção (P<0,05), comprovando que a heterose resultante do cruzamento entre raças distintas com maior distância genética (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus) proporciona maior desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo.

A total of 98 heifers of three genetic groups: 34 Guzerá (G), 32, 1/2 Guzerá x 1/2 Nelore (GN) and 32 1/2 Red Angus x 1/2 Nelore (AN), 14 month old and average body weight of 249,65kg, raised in Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu were used to evaluate reconception rates. In the second breeding season (BS), only those 36 pregnant in the first BS (three G, nine GN and 24 AN), age 26 months and body weight of 313.67±25.01kg, 336.50±45.84kg and 399.86±44.45kg, respectively, G , GN and AN were evaluated. The highest reconception rate (58.33%, P<0.05) was registered for the AN group and showed that average daily gain of 0.30±0.06kg, showing that crosses between Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus leads to higher reproductive and productive performances.

Desempenho e análise econômica de novilhos Nelore submetidos a diferentes estratégias de suplementação alimentar nas fases de recria e engorda / Performance and economic analysis of Nelore submitted to different strategies for supplementary feeding during rearing and fattening

Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo e a eficiência econômica de diferentes estratégias de suplementação alimentar na fase de recria e engorda de novilhos Nelore. O experimento foi dividido em três períodos, seca, água e terminação. Cinquenta e quatro bezerros com peso médio inicial de 169,6kg foram divididos em oito tratamentos, sendo cada tratamento uma estratégia de suplementação alimentar. No período da seca, os animais receberam suplemento proteico-energético-mineral com ingestão média diária de 0,1% do peso vivo médio (PV) para os tratamentos A, B, C, D, e 0,2 por cento do PV para os tratamentos E, F, G e H. No período das águas, os novilhos dos tratamentos A, B, E e F receberam suplemento proteico-energético-mineral com ingestão média diária de 0,5 por cento do PV, e os novilhos dos tratamentos C, D, G e H receberam suplementação mineral. No período de terminação, os animais dos tratamentos B, D, F e H receberam suplemento proteico-energético-mineral com ingestão média diária de 1,4 por cento do PV, e os animais dos tratamentos A, C, E e G foram engordados em confinamento. Houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) para o peso final acumulado (PF). Os maiores valores de PF foram de 492,0; 475,1 e 473,1kg para os animais dos tratamentos F, B e H, respectivamente. Os animais dos tratamentos que receberam suplemento 1,4 por cento do PV na terminação permaneceram 70 dias a mais do que os animais que foram engordados em confinamento. Todas os tratamentos foram economicamente viáveis, contudo o tratamento G apresentou o maior resultado de caixa, VPL e TIR, sendo eles R$349,00; R$252,10 e 2,45 por cento, respectivamente. A suplementação de proteína, energia e minerais a pasto ou em confinamento reduziu a idade ao abate dos animais e constitui uma alternativa economicamente viável para produção de bovinos de corte.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the production performance and economic efficiency of different strategies of supplementation on the rearing and fattening of Nelore calves. The experiment was divided in to three periods, Drought, Rainy and Finishing. Fifty four calves with average initial weight of 169.6 kg were divided in eight treatments, each treatment with one supplementation strategy. During the dry season the animals were protein-energy and mineral supplemented with an average daily intake of 0.1 percent of body weight (BW) for strategies A, B, C, D and 0.2 percent of BW for strategies E, F, G and H. During the rainy season, animals from strategies A, B, E and F were protein-energy and mineral supplemented with an average daily intake of 0.5 percent of BW and strategies C, D, G and H received only mineral supplementation. During the finishing period, animals from strategies B, D, F and H were protein-energy and mineral supplemented with an average daily intake of 1.4 percent of BW and animals from strategies A, C, E and G were fattened in feedlots. There was statistical difference (p<0.05) for the cumulative final weight (FW). Higher values of FW were 492.0, 475.1 and 473.1kg for animals from strategies F, B and H respectively. Animals from strategies supplemented 1.4 percent of BW remained 70 days more in the termination period than animals fattened in feedlots. All strategies were economically viable, however, strategy G had a major cash result, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR), R$ 349.00; R$ 252.10 and 2.45 percent respectively. Protein, energy and mineral supplementation on pasture or feedlot reduces the age at slaughter of animals and is an economically viable alternative for production of beef cattle.

Desempenho bioeconômico de sistemas intensivos de cria e de ciclo completo por meio de simulação / Bioeconomic performance of intensive breeding systems and of full-cycle by way of simulation

Foram simulados quatro sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte a partir de dados zootécnicos e econômicos de uma fazenda de ciclo completo situada no município de Corinto, região central de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se o programa de simulação bioeconômica Embrapec. Os sistemas simulados foram: ciclo completo com uso de cruzamento industrial (CompCRUZA), ciclo completo exclusivamente com zebuíno (CompZEBU), ciclo de cria com uso de cruzamento industrial (CriaCRUZA), ciclo de cria exclusivamente com zebuíno (CriaZEBU). No sistema com cruzamento industrial, os animais eram vendidos logo após a desmama, com oito meses (CriaCRUZA), ou abatidos aos 13 meses (CompCRUZA). No sistema com rebanho zebu, os animais eram também vendidos à desmama (CriaZEBU) ou abatidos aos 24 meses (CompZEBU). As bezerras foram recriadas, e uma parcela (15%), descartada para a venda. A quantidade de animais em um rebanho estabilizado foi 13,1% e 10,7% menor nos sistemas cruzados, completo e cria, respectivamente; porém a quantidade (kg) de carcaça vendida/ha (49,9 para CriaCRUZA e 118,1 para CompCRUZA) e a taxa de desfrute (24,4%) foram em média 15,3% maior que zebuínos. A taxa interna de retorno e o valor presente líquido foram superiores para os sistemas que adotaram o cruzamento de zebuínos com raças europeias, CriaCRUZA (17,2% e R$ 10.151.896,54) e CompCRUZA (18,9% e R$ 11.749.329,42). Quando comparados os sistemas de produção, os que utilizaram ciclo completo, o CompCRUZA (18,9% e R$ 11.749.329,42) e CompZEBU (16,2% e R$ 9.568.293,51), foram em média 18,7% maiores que os de cria, quando comparados com o mesmo grupo genético, CriaCRUZA (17,2% e R$ 10.151.896,54) e CriaZEBU (14,6% e R$ 7.955.230,38). Todos os sistemas de produção simulados foram economicamente viáveis, sendo que o sistema de produção CompCRUZA foi que apresentou maior viabilidade econômica e com melhores indicadores zootécnicos.

Four alternative systems of production from zootechnical and economic beef cattle data were simulated from an existing full-cycle farm located in Corinto, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The systems simulated were: full-cycle with the use of crossbreed cattle (CompCRUZA), full cycle, exclusively with zebu cattle (CompZEBU), rearing cycle with the use of crossbreed cattle (CriaCRUZA) and rearing cycle with zebu cattle (CriaZEBU). The crossbreeding system animals were sold immediately after weaning with 8 months (CriaCRUZA) or slaughtered with 13 months (CompCRUZA). The zebu cattle system animals were also sold after weaning (CriaZEBU) or slaughtered with 24 months (CompZEBU). The female calves were reared and 15% were destined for sale. The data was simulated on the bioeconomic software "Embrapec". The number of animals in the stabilized herd was lower in cross-systems, but the amount (kg) of carcass sold/ha (49.9 for CriaCRUZA and 118.1 for CompCRUZA) and offtake rate (24.4%) were superior to zebu cattle. The internal rate of return and net present value was higher for systems that have adopted the crossing system (taurine x zebu cattle), CriaCRUZA (17.2% and R$ 10,151,896.54) and CompCRUZA (18.9% and R$ 11,749,329.42). When comparing the production systems, those using full-cycle, the CompCRUZA and CompZEBU (16.2% and R$ 9,568,293.51), were more profitable than rearing systems, when compared with the same genetic group, CriaCRUZA and CriaZEBU (14.6% to R$ 7,955,230.38. All production systems simulated were financially feasible, but the production systemCompCRUZA showed the highest economic viability and better zootechnical indicators.

Desempenho produtivo e econômico do confinamento de bovinos zebuínos alimentados com três dietas de alto concentrado / Economic performance of zebu cattle under feedlot fed with three high concentrate diets

Estudaram-se o desempenho produtivo e a viabilidade econômica no confinamento de 24 bovinos, inteiros, com idade média de 23 meses, sendo 12 Nelore (NEL) e 12 F1 Nelore x Brahman (NBR), divididos em três dietas: SIL - silagem de milho e ração concentrada; PEL - exclusiva de pellets; GRN - milho grão inteiro e pellets. O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x3, com quatro repetições. Os animais NBR apresentaram resultados semelhantes aos da raça NEL quanto aos desempenhos alimentar e econômico, para todas as variáveis analisadas durante o confinamento. Entre as três dietas, a dieta PEL, apesar de não ser a de maior custo em R$/kg, obteve o menor desempenho, com maior COT/kg, menor RT e menores margens líquidas. A dieta SIL apresentou os menores COT/kg e custo/kg de carcaça, com maiores receitas e margens líquidas. A dieta GRN obteve resultados econômicos semelhantes à SIL, porém obteve menor GMD em relação à SIL, além de ter o custo de dieta (R$/kg) mais oneroso em relação aos três tratamentos. Todas as dietas foram economicamente viáveis ao final do experimento, com ML/Kg de carcaça médios de 2,12, 0,35 e 1,09 para SIL, PEL e GRN, respectivamente, no entanto a dieta SIL foi a de melhor desempenho produtivo e econômico.

The production performance and economic viability of a feedlot of 24 cattle, with an average age of 23 months, 12 Nellore (NEL) and 12 F1 Nellore x Brahman (NBR), divided into three diets: SIL - corn silage and concentrate diet; PEL - exclusive of pellets; GRN - corn and whole grain pellets were studied. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized scheme in a 2x3 factorial with four replications. The NBR animals showed similar results to the NEL in performance and economic viability for all variables analyzed. Among the diets, the PEL diet, although not the highest diet cost in R$/kg, had the lowest performance with higher TOC/kg, lower TR and lower net margins. The SIL diet had the lowest TOC/kg and cost/kg of carcass, with higher revenues and net margins. The economic results obtained for the GRN diet were similar to SIL, but had lower ADG compared to SIL and highest diet cost (R$/kg) among all. The diets were economically viable at the end of the trial, with average net margin/kg carcass of 2.12, 0.35 and 1.09 for SIL, FEP and GRN, respectively; however the SIL diet presented better productive and economical performance.

Prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction in Salvador, northeastern Brazil: a population-based study.

Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Brazil and to explore potential sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle correlates. A cross-sectional, population-based, household survey was conducted in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Cluster samples of representative households were randomly selected for interviews. Of 654 eligible subjects, 602 (92%) participated. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers. ED was categorized as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe' according to the ability to 'attain and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse'. All data were obtained by self-report. The age-adjusted prevalence of ED was 39.5% (minimal 25.1%, moderate 13.1%, severe 1.3%). Prevalence and severity increased with age. Having never been married, diabetes, depression, or prostate disease and current depressive or lower urinary tract symptoms were significantly (P<0.05) associated with increased prevalence. Medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients at risk for ED and offer insight to its etiology.

Prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction: results of the Brazilian study of sexual behavior.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and explore its potential sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle correlates. METHODS: While attending the "Health Awareness Fair" in nine major cities in Brazil, 1286 men completed a questionnaire regarding ED, demographic data, and medical conditions. ED was assessed by a single global self-rating question, in which subjects were asked to describe themselves as able to achieve and maintain an erection good enough for sexual intercourse always, usually, sometimes, or never, and the responses were used to classify the subjects as having no, minimal, moderate, or complete ED, respectively. Age-adjusted bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to calculate the prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the potential covariates. RESULTS: Overall, 46.2% of men reported some degree of ED (minimal 31.5%, moderate 12.1%, complete 2.6%). The prevalence of complete ED increased 10 times from 1% to 11% between subjects younger than 40 and older than 70 years; moderate ED rose from 8% to 27%, and minimal ED remained constant at approximately 31%. In bivariate age-adjusted analyses, low educational attainment, black race/ethnicity, homo/bisexuality, and a history of diabetes, hypertension, or depression were significantly (P <0.05) associated with an increased prevalence of ED. In the multivariate logistic regression model, these variables remained significantly associated with ED. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that ED is a major health problem in Brazil and both the severity and prevalence increase with age. The medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients who are at risk of ED, as well as offer clues to the etiology of ED.

Digital clubbing and lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative frequency of clubbing in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) versus non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). DESIGN: Examine patients with lung cancer for digital clubbing and relate the findings to the histopathologic subtype of lung cancer. SETTING: Cancer center at a tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and eleven consecutive patients with a pathological diagnosis of lung cancer examined by one physician (KSS). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Clubbing was present in 32 (29%) of the 111 patients with lung cancer. Clubbing was more common in women (40%) than in men (19%; chi2 test p = 0.011), and was more common in patients with NSCLC (35%) than those with SCLC (4%; chi2 test p = 0.0036). CONCLUSION: In a prospective study, digital clubbing was less frequently observed in men than women and in patients with SCLC than NSCLC. These clinical observations may assist in the initial evaluation of patients for planning workup and therapy.